The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, primarily N2, O2, and trace noble gases.
The distribution of elements across diverse biological systems and metabolic pathways.
The outermost solid shell of Earth, enriched in lithophile elements like Si, Al, and O.
The silicate layer between the crust and core, constituting the bulk of Earth's volume.
The average elemental composition of a human organism, dominated by O, C, H, and N.
The chemical makeup of chondritic and non-chondritic meteorites, proxies for early solar system solids.
Naturally occurring inorganic solids with defined chemical compositions and crystal structures.
The combined mass of Earth's liquid water, including oceans and ice caps.
Mineral aggregates from which valuable elements can be economically extracted.
The saline water body covering most of Earth, major reservoir for Na, Cl, and Mg.
The composition of the Sun and its orbiting bodies, reflecting the solar nebula's chemistry.
Freshwater systems including rivers and lakes, reflecting local continental weathering.
The average elemental distribution across the observable cosmos, dominated by H and He.
Scientific reservoirs and contexts for measuring the distribution and concentration of chemical species.